Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A (2023)

This study explores the influence of menstrual health on the performance and well-being of female athletes in Indian educational institutions, highlighting physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. Menstrual cycle phases—follicular, ovulatory, and luteal—affect muscle strength, endurance, and recovery, with notable declines in performance during and before menstruation. Data from athletes in disciplines such as athletics, boxing, swimming, judo, and wrestling reveal high prevalence of menstrual irregularities, including amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and heavy bleeding, with nearly 90% showing iron deficiency. These conditions often impair training readiness, sleep quality, and recovery, increasing injury risks. Stigma and inadequate awareness hinder open discussion, leading many athletes to train despite discomfort and without medical guidance. Coaches’ limited understanding further compounds the problem. Some athletes use hormonal interventions to suppress or delay menstruation, often without professional supervision. The study identifies significant gaps in infrastructure, education, and menstrual health support in Indian institutions. Recommendations include integrating menstrual health education into sports programs, regular medical monitoring, access to hygiene facilities and products, trained health professionals in sports teams, and the use of cycle-tracking tools to tailor training. Addressing stigma and fostering athlete-centered approaches can enhance performance, protect long-term health, and empower women in sports. The findings underscore that menstrual health is integral to athletic success and overall well-being, calling for systemic changes to create inclusive, supportive environments for female athletes.